Students must have gained 14 credits in NCEA Economics Level 2 or been granted entry at the discretion of the HOD Commerce. Level 3 Economics is a difficult course, and Level 2 content understanding is essential.
This subject is a University Approved subject.
Level 3 Economics
Use economics to analyse how markets really work — and what happens when they don’t.
At Level 3, Economics takes you deeper into how businesses, consumers, and governments interact. You’ll explore what happens when markets succeed or fail, and how government policies are used to fix real problems in society.
This course is ideal for students who enjoy thinking logically, arguing both sides of an issue, and backing up ideas with models and data.
Internal – Microeconomic Concepts
AS91401 | 5 credits | Internal
You’ll explore the choices individuals and businesses make, and how limited resources affect those choices. This is the foundation of all economic reasoning.
You’ll:
Analyse decisions using marginal cost and benefit models
Explain consumer and producer behaviour
Apply models like PPCs and marginal utility to real situations
This gives you the tools to understand why people and firms make the decisions they do.
Internal – Government Intervention
AS91402 | 5 credits | Internal
Sometimes, the market doesn’t work — or works unfairly. You’ll examine what happens when governments step in to fix issues like pollution, housing shortages, or income inequality.
You’ll:
Identify types of market failure
Analyse how taxes, subsidies, regulations, and public goods work
Evaluate the efficiency and fairness of government policies
This standard connects directly to public policy, law, social justice, and real-world debates.
External – Market Efficiency
AS91399 | 4 credits | External
You’ll learn how markets reach equilibrium — and what makes that equilibrium efficient. Using graphs and economic models, you’ll explore how resources are allocated and what causes changes.
You’ll:
Use demand and supply curves with consumer/producer surplus
Evaluate the effects of shifts in supply or demand
Judge how efficient or fair the outcomes are
This helps you think critically about who gains and who loses in a changing market.
External – Market Structures and Marginal Analysis
AS91400 | 4 credits | External
Not all markets are the same — some are dominated by one firm, others by many. You’ll explore perfect competition, monopolies, and oligopolies, and assess which structures are most efficient using marginal analysis.
You’ll:
Use marginal cost and marginal revenue to find profit-maximising output
Compare the outcomes of different market types
Analyse trade-offs between efficiency, innovation, and fairness
This gives you insight into how real markets operate — from supermarkets to phone providers to global tech giants.
Where does this lead to?
Level 3 Economics sets you up for:
Tertiary study in Economics, Business, Law, Policy, Finance
Careers in government, central banking, consultancy, and research
Competitive advantage in business, entrepreneurship, or management
Economics teaches you how to think, not what to think — making you valuable in any future path.
Students are required to purchase their own stationery (including a calculator) and one workbook (approximately ($25 each).